1) The physics of “quality”: what compression really does
Most image discussions stop at “use WebP because it’s smaller.” The better explanation is: each format encodes information differently, and the type of information in your image determines how well it compresses. Photos contain smooth gradients and natural noise; UI graphics contain sharp edges, flat colors, and text-like lines.
- Lossy compression (WebP lossy, JPG) removes visually redundant detail to reduce file size.
- Lossless compression (PNG, WebP lossless) preserves pixels exactly, but size can remain large.
- Artifacts appear when compression removes detail your eye does notice: halos, blocking, banding, color bleed.
2) WebP: why it often wins (and when it doesn’t)
WebP was designed to reduce size while keeping acceptable visual quality. In many cases it beats JPG for comparable “perceived quality,” especially on complex images. WebP also supports transparency (alpha), which is typically a PNG feature. However, not every WebP export is automatically “good”: poor settings can still create blur or banding.
- Best for: mixed-content images (photo + UI), hero banners, thumbnails, general web media.
- Use WebP-lossy for: photos and screenshots with many colors.
- Use WebP-lossless for: icons/logos when PNG becomes too heavy.
3) JPG: still valid for photos (with discipline)
JPG is optimized for photographic content. It does not support transparency, and aggressive compression introduces visible artifacts. When used properly (reasonable quality factor, correct dimensions), JPG can still be efficient and visually strong.
- Best for: photographs where transparency is not needed.
- Avoid for: UI graphics, icons, text overlays (edges get messy).
4) PNG: the truth about “quality” and size
PNG is lossless and supports transparency, making it excellent for UI elements. The tradeoff is size: full-color PNGs can become very heavy compared to modern alternatives. PNG is best when edges matter more than byte size.
5) SEO + Speed: why format choice can change rankings
Search engines don’t rank a file format by itself. What matters is the experience: pages that load quickly and feel stable. Image weight is a major factor in LCP and general load time—especially on mobile.
- Smaller images → faster LCP → better Core Web Vitals probability.
- Correct dimensions → less layout shift risk.
- Clean compression → less CPU decoding overhead on lower devices.
Quick FAQ: What should I choose in 10 seconds?
Photo → WebP (lossy) or JPG (reasonable quality).
Logo / UI → WebP lossless or PNG (if transparency needed).
Mixed banner → WebP (often best balance).
Always: export the correct pixel dimensions and avoid oversized images.